TABLE 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models of overall survival in 3720 patients newly diagnosed with clinical stage III melanoma
| Variable | Univariable HR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Diagnosis period | ||||
| P1 (2004–2005) | Reference | Reference | ||
| P2 (2008–2009) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 0.90 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.46 |
| P3 (2012–2013) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 0.005 | 0.76 (0.66–0.88) | < 0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| < 65 years | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥ 65 years | 1.73 (1.58–1.90) | < 0.001 | 1.23 (1.08–1.39) | 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 0.002 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Non-white | 1.38 (1.06–1.80) | 0.016 | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 0.21 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-hispanic | Reference | Reference | ||
| Hispanic | 1.11 (0.84–1.46) | 0.47 | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) | 0.83 |
| Charlson–Deyo score | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 | 1.36 (1.19–1.55) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.00–1.31) | 0.050 |
| 2 | 1.90 (1.44–2.51) | < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.14–2.01) | 0.004 |
| 3 | 2.43 (1.56–3.78) | < 0.001 | 1.67 (1.06–2.61) | 0.025 |
| Primary payer | ||||
| Private | Reference | Reference | ||
| Government or self-pay | 1.70 (1.54–1.87) | < 0.001 | 1.29 (1.15–1.46) | < 0.001 |
| Patient residence | ||||
| Metropolitan or urban county | Reference | Reference | ||
| Rural county | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | 0.066 | 1.14 (0.93–1.38) | 0.20 |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference | ||
| South | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 0.99 | 0.94 (0.82–1.09) | 0.41 |
| Midwest | 1.05 (0.91–1.20) | 0.50 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.49 |
| West | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.62 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.32 |
| Facility type | ||||
| Academic | Reference | Reference | ||
| Nonacademic | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 0.41 | 1.10 (1.00–1.22) | 0.063 |
| Primary site | ||||
| Head/neck | Reference | Reference | ||
| Trunk | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 0.002 | 0.96 (0.83–1.10) | 0.53 |
| Extremity | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) | 0.005 | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.49 |
| Unknown | 0.55 (0.47–0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | < 0.001 |
| T stage | ||||
| Tx | Reference | Reference | ||
| T1–T2 | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) | 0.026 | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) | 0.60 |
| T3–T4 | 1.89 (1.58–2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) | 0.008 |
| N stage | ||||
| N1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N2 | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.07–1.36) | 0.002 |
| N3 | 1.87 (1.66–2.10) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.53–1.94) | < 0.001 |
| Extent of regional lymphadenectomy | ||||
| < 5 lymph nodes | Reference | Reference | ||
| 5–9 lymph nodes | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.89 | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 0.66 |
| ≥ 10 lymph nodes | 1.00 (0.88–1.12) | 0.95 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.88 |
| Radiation therapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.37 (1.23–1.54) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.18–1.49) | < 0.001 |
| Immunotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.61 (0.55–0.68) | < 0.001 | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | < 0.001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 0.10 | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 0.043 |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval