Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Non-recovery | Recovery | P -value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 53 | 53 | |
| Demographic characteristics and clinical assessments | |||
| Male sex | 48 (90.6) | 48 (90.6) | 1.000 |
| Age, years | 59.92 ± 8.90 | 57.62 ± 11.95 | 0.263 |
| Hypertension | 25 (47.2) | 23 (43.4) | 0.845 |
| Diabetes | 28 (52.8) | 30 (56.6) | 0.845 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 6 (11.3) | 11 (20.8) | 0.290 |
| Smoking habits | 27 (50.9) | 35 (66.0) | 0.168 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.87 ± 4.45 | 24.38 ± 2.65 | 0.493 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 132.92 ± 22.77 | 125.36 ± 17.18 | 0.056 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.47 ± 17.00 | 73.34 ± 10.47 | 0.135 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| HbA1c, % | 6.58 ± 1.31 | 6.38 ± 1.37 | 0.456 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.29 (5.01–7.82) | 5.10 (4.97–5.84) | 0.009 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/L | 8.02 (6.24–10.64) | 6.83 (5.58–13.82) | 0.663 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.15 (1.60–4.27) | 1.71 (1.32–3.79) | 0.096 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.50 (1.20–3.56) | 1.54 (1.09–1.85) | 0.277 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.08 ± 1.14 | 4.65 ± 1.14 | 0.011 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.02 ± 0.20 | 0.97 ± 0.20 | 0.190 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.33 ± 0.85 | 3.04 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatine μmol/L | 115.13 ± 147.79 | 78.45 ± 15.47 | 0.075 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 7.36 ± 5.39 | 6.21 ± 2.60 | 0.164 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.732 m2 | 95.18 ± 19.79 | 101.03 ± 15.07 | 0.090 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.64 (0.48–1.35) | 1.30 (0.75–14.00) | 0.188 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 389.40 (247.00–701.50) | 377.50 (208.80–667.10) | 0.756 |
| CgB, pg/mL | 1107.56 (695.54–2020.43) | 592.71 (454.37–934.33) | <0.001 |
| Lesion characteristics | |||
| Multivessel disease | 35 (66.0) | 41 (77.4) | 0.281 |
| CTO vessels | |||
| LAD | 20 (37.7) | 15 (28.3) | 0.567 |
| LCX | 18 (34.0) | 22 (41.5) | |
| RCA | 24 (45.3) | 25 (47.2) | |
| Good collaterals (Rentrop grade 2–3) | 25 (47.2) | 15 (28.3) | 0.071 |
| Medication use | |||
| Aspirin | 47 (88.7) | 51 (96.2) | 0.270 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 50 (94.3) | 53 (100.0) | 0.241 |
| Beta blocker | 41 (77.4) | 40 (75.5) | 1.000 |
| ACEI/ARB | 25 (47.2) | 37 (69.8) | 0.030 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 7 (13.2) | 7 (13.2) | 1.000 |
| Spironolactone | 14 (26.4) | 13 (24.5) | 1.000 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CgB, chromogranin B; CTO, chronic total occlusion; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.