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. 2021 Jun 15;44(9):1938–1947. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0027

Table 2.

Cox regression models of predictors of glycemic worsening (an absolute increase of 0.5% in HbA1c) in youth

M12 hazard ratio Lower CI Upper CI P value M21 hazard ratio Lower CI Upper CI P value
G-MET vs. MET 1.37 0.51 3.68 0.532 0.81 0.41 1.62 0.560
Sex (male vs. female) 1.52 0.54 4.31 0.432 0.94 0.41 2.13 0.878
Race/ethnicity
 White vs. other 0.35 0.08 1.56 0.170 0.54 0.22 1.32 0.177
 Black vs. other 1.86 0.66 5.25 0.238 0.88 0.38 2.05 0.769
 Hispanic vs. other 1.75 0.64 4.75 0.274 1.41 0.70 2.82 0.336
Baseline continuous measures
 Age (years) 0.98 0.59 1.63 0.932 0.99 0.70 1.41 0.956
 BMI (kg/m2) 1.14 0.68 1.92 0.614 1.14 0.79 1.64 0.496
 HbA1c (%) 1.67 1.07 2.60 0.024 1.56 1.12 2.16 0.008
 Fasting glucose (mg/dL) 1.43 0.93 2.19 0.100 1.33 1.01 1.77 0.044
 2-h glucose (mg/dL) 1.49 1.01 2.20 0.045 1.33 1.01 1.75 0.042
 Log M/I 0.83 0.50 1.38 0.472 0.93 0.65 1.34 0.704
 Log ACPRg 0.45 0.25 0.79 0.006 0.47 0.32 0.69 <0.001
 Log AIRg 0.57 0.36 0.89 0.014 0.61 0.45 0.81 <0.001
 Log SSCP 0.45 0.26 0.78 0.004 0.54 0.37 0.78 0.001
 Log ACPRmax 0.61 0.34 1.11 0.105 0.61 0.41 0.91 0.015
 Log AIRmax 0.59 0.32 1.09 0.090 0.57 0.38 0.85 0.007
 Log 1/FI 0.78 0.47 1.28 0.321 0.85 0.59 1.22 0.385
 IGI 0.46 0.20 1.04 0.061 0.56 0.34 0.90 0.017
 CPI 0.45 0.22 0.93 0.031 0.53 0.34 0.83 0.006

Bold P values are statistically significant (P < 0.05). All models included a term for the treatment arm. CI, 95% confidence interval.

Per 1 SD for continuous measures. Treatment arm is adjusted for insulin sensitivity by M/I, clamp-derived β-cell function responses are adjusted for treatment arm and insulin sensitivity by M/I, and all OGTT-derived β-cell function responses are adjusted for treatment arm and insulin sensitivity by 1/FI.