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. 2021 Jun 11;44(9):1992–1999. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2960

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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association

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The investigated study hypotheses. A: Hypothesis 1: assess whether there are epigenetic effects that are shared by both offspring and their mothers as a result of shared exposure to GDM (offspring and maternal methylation regressed upon GDM status; see Research Design and Methods). B: Hypothesis 2: test if there are epigenetic effects as a result of exposure to GDM that are specific to the offspring (offspring DNA methylation regressed upon GDM status, maternal methylation for the same probe, and interaction between GDM and maternal methylation status; see Research Design and Methods).