Table 4.
Effect of MET or LB in adults on select metabolic characteristics from the hyperglycemic clamps and OGTTs
| LB | MET | P for comparison between treatments at 12 months | P for comparison between treatments at 24 months | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 44) | 12 months (n = 38) | 24 months (n = 34) | Baseline (n = 44) | 12 months (n = 30) | 24 months (n = 33) | |||
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 97.5 ± 12.1 | 86.7 ± 12.0@ | 85.5 ± 13.5* | 96.1 ± 10.9 | 92.8 ± 11.0@ | 93.9 ± 10.5* | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.7 ± 2.8 | 32.0 ± 2.6@ | 31.4 ± 3.2* | 35.0 ± 2.9 | 33.8 ± 3.4@ | 34.2 ± 2.9* | ||
| Hyperglycemic clamp parameters | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.30 ± 0.92 | 5.72 ± 0.73@ | 5.87 ± 1.03* | 6.05 ± 0.71 | 5.86 ± 0.60 | 5.95 ± 0.65 | ||
| Fasting glucagon (pmol/L) | 9.29 ± 4.78 | 6.35 ± 2.49@ | 6.45 ± 2.84* | 8.02 ± 3.61 | 7.10 ± 2.96 | 7.73 ± 3.12 | ! | |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.26 (0.75, 2.13) | 0.89 (0.50, 1.58)@ | 0.90 (0.52, 1.56)* | 1.09 (0.53, 2.24) | 0.91 (0.44, 1.86)@ | 1.02 (0.47, 2.20) | ! | |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 125.4 (49.0, 320.8) | 69.9 (26.6, 183.5)@ | 70.1 (27.3, 180.1)* | 101.6 (33.7, 305.9) | 81.4 (29.6, 223.9) | 94.1 (26.0, 340.7) | ||
| Steady-state glucose (mmol/L) | 11.1 ± 0.7 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | 11.0 ± 0.5 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | 10.9 ± 0.5@ | 11.6 ± 3.6 | ||
| Steady-state glucagon (pmol/L) | 2.86 ± 2.39 | 1.73 ± 1.29@ | 1.73 ± 1.55* | 1.87 ± 1.11 | 1.46 ± 0.95@ | 1.79 ± 1.51 | ||
| Steady-state C-peptide (nmol/L) | 3.74 (1.87, 7.47) | 3.18 (1.59, 6.35)@ | 3.07 (1.45, 6.49)* | 3.36 (1.40, 8.11) | 3.12 (1.25, 7.77) | 3.11 (1.20, 8.07)* | ||
| AGR (pmol/L) | 17.3 ± 8.4 | 15.2 ± 6.6 | 14.7 ± 6.5* | 17.4 ± 9.7 | 16.2 ± 11.5 | 15.9 ± 9.9 | ||
| ACPRmax (nmol/L) | 4.68 (1.48, 14.78) | 4.36 (1.72, 11.06) | 4.05 (1.40, 11.70) | 4.77 (1.72, 13.24) | 4.11 (1.45, 11.60) | 3.88 (1.57, 9.63)* | ||
| M/I (×10−5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L) | 3.20 (1.17, 8.75) | 4.92 (1.39, 17.41)@ | 4.66 (1.36, 16.06) * | 3.46 (0.72, 16.68) | 4.99 (1.31, 18.93)@ | 4.12 (1.01, 16.88) | ! | |
| OGTT parameters | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.19 ± 0.75 | 5.75 ± 0.88@ | 5.87 ± 1.08* | 6.10 ± 0.70 | 5.76 ± 0.55@ | 5.95 ± 0.62 | ||
| Fasting glucagon (pmol/L) | 8.48 ± 4.31 | 5.89 ± 2.96@ | 6.37 ± 3.33* | 8.35 ± 4.51 | 7.09 ± 3.78 | 7.82 ± 3.48 | ||
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.258 ± 0.299 | 0.937 ± 0.250@ | 0.958 ± 0.298* | 1.190 ± 0.449 | 0.959 ± 0.410@ | 1.069 ± 0.482* | ||
| 2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 10.37 ± 2.66 | 9.58 ± 2.75@ | 10.03 ± 3.19 | 10.45 ± 2.54 | 10.52 ± 2.92 | 10.87 ± 3.30 | ||
| iAUC glucose (mmol/L) | 638.2 ± 258.5 | 560.6 ± 261.4@ | 600.9 ± 317.9 | 645.9 ± 263.1 | 665.9 ± 356.6 | 704.5 ± 347.9 | ||
| dAUC glucagon (pmol/L) | −793.8 ± 417.6 | −608.0 ± 405.9@ | −659.2 ± 472.3 | −885.3 ± 535.1 | −801.4 ± 488.4 | −865.0 ± 438.0 | ||
| iAUC C-peptide (nmol/L) | 455.6 ± 209.6 | 412.4 ± 118.4 | 425.4 ± 218.8 | 457.5 ± 147.6 | 419.4 ± 168.7 | 415.7 ± 131.8* | ||
Data are mean ± SD for normally distributed and geometric means (95% CIs) for non–normally distributed data; for the latter, P values from the log-transformed data are presented. Within-treatment comparisons:
@
P < 0.05, 12 months vs. baseline;
*
P < 0.05, 24 months vs. baseline;
#
P < 0.05, 24 months vs. 12 months.
!
P ≤ 0.05, LB vs. MET with adjustment for weight at baseline and follow-up.