Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and glucose-lowering treatment of pregnant women with preexisting diabetes using detemir vs. other basal insulins at enrollment
| Detemir (n = 727) | Other basal insulins (n = 730) | |
|---|---|---|
| Country, n (%) | ||
| Croatia | 238 (32.7) | 47 (6.4) |
| Denmark | 126 (17.3) | 257 (35.2) |
| Finland | 57 (7.8) | 50 (6.8) |
| France | 9 (1.2) | 15 (2.1) |
| Germany | 4 (0.6) | 9 (1.2) |
| Greece | 4 (0.6) | 7 (1.0) |
| Ireland | 28 (3.9) | 31 (4.2) |
| Israel | 53 (7.3) | 8 (1.1) |
| Italy | 15 (2.1) | 21 (2.9) |
| Malaysia | 5 (0.7) | 14 (1.9) |
| The Netherlands | 11 (1.5) | 6 (0.8) |
| Norway | 4 (0.6) | 20 (2.7) |
| Poland | 19 (2.6) | 38 (5.2) |
| Portugal | 3 (0.4) | 12 (1.6) |
| Romania | 22 (3.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| Spain | 27 (3.7) | 87 (11.9) |
| U.K. | 102 (14.0) | 107 (14.7) |
| Type 1 diabetes, n (%) | 595 (81.8) | 654 (89.6) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 132 (18.2) | 76 (10.4) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 31.1 (5.1) | 30.6 (5.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25.8 (5.7) | 26.6 (5.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 117.4 (13.5) | 119.5 (13.9) |
| Diabetes duration, years, mean (SD) | 13.1 (8.1) | 13.6 (8.5) |
| History of retinopathy, n (%) | 155 (21.4) | 158 (21.9) |
| History of nephropathy, n (%) | 34 (4.7) | 30 (4.1) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 64 (8.8) | 60 (8.2) |
| HbA1c, % [mmol/mol], mean (SD) | 7.0 (1.3) [53 (14)] | 7.2 (1.4) [55 (15)] |
| White, n (%) | 688 (96.0) | 649 (90.8) |
| University degree, n (%) | 203 (30.2) | 154 (23.2) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 66 (9.3) | 67 (9.5) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 7 (1.0) | 8 (1.2) |
| Gestational age of current pregnancy at enrollment, weeks, mean (SD) | 8.7 (2.5) | 8.8 (2.6) |
| Folic acid taken before and during first trimester, n (%) | 459 (63.9) | 579 (80.1) |
| Number of previous pregnancies, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 229 (31.5) | 260 (35.6) |
| 1 | 268 (36.9) | 247 (33.8) |
| 2 | 114 (15.7) | 116 (15.9) |
| 3 | 59 (8.1) | 58 (7.9) |
| ≥4 | 57 (7.8) | 49 (6.7) |
| Number of previous live births, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 325 (46.0) | 290 (43.9) |
| 1 | 283 (40.1) | 276 (41.8) |
| 2 | 74 (10.5) | 77 (11.6) |
| 3 | 13 (1.8) | 17 (2.6) |
| ≥4 | 11 (1.6) | 1 (0.2) |
| Previous pregnancy complications, n (%) | 375 (54.0) | 351 (54.0) |
| Previous preeclampsia, n (%) | 28 (3.9) | 32 (4.4) |
| Previous perinatal deaths, n (%) | 13 (1.8) | 12 (1.6) |
| Previous preterm delivery, n (%) | 47 (6.5) | 55 (7.5) |
| Previous spontaneous abortion, n (%) | 185 (25.4) | 162 (22.2) |
| Previous cesarean section, n (%) | 172 (23.7) | 119 (16.3) |
| Previous major malformations, n (%) | 12 (1.7) | 9 (1.2) |
| Previous minor malformations, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 6 (0.8) |
| Glucose-lowering treatment, n (%) | ||
| Basal insulin | 727 (100) | 730 (100) |
| Detemir | 727 (100) | — |
| Insulin glargine | — | 594 (81.4) |
| NPH insulin | — | 95 (13.0) |
| Insulin degludec | — | 40 (5.5) |
| Unknown type | — | 1 (0.1) |
| Bolus insulin | 714 (98.2) | 713 (97.7) |
| Insulin aspart | 605 (83.2) | 530 (72.6) |
| Insulin lispro | 92 (12.7) | 120 (16.4) |
| Insulin glulisine | 11 (1.5) | 39 (5.3) |
| Regular human insulin | 5 (0.7) | 22 (3.0) |
| Unknown type | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.0) |
| Metformin | 36 (5.0) | 32 (4.4) |
Data for other concomitant diseases not shown.