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. 2022 Jan 3;14(1):1997296. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1997296

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Gut microbiota, its metabolites and impact on gut motility. Potential routes by which the gut microbiota can influence intestinal motility via different mechanisms and pathways located in the gut epithelium, circular or longitudinal muscles, or myenteric plexus. Abbreviations: CSF-1, colony stimulatory factor 1; CSFR1, colony stimulatory factor 1 receptor; BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; BMPR2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 receptor; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; L-VDCCs, L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels; TLR2, toll-like receptor 2; ICCs, interstitial cells of Cajal; TLR4, toll-like receptor 4; NO, nitric oxide; 5-HT₄R, serotonin receptor 4; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; TGR5, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor; TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel 1; 5-HT, serotonin; PYY, peptide YY; LPS, lipopolysaccharides. (Created with bioRender.com).

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