Table 1.
Overview of previous work by medium (View), agent representation, whether it included an avatar, motor imagery task and the conjectured relationship between sense of agency and ownership as a result of the study (arrows indicate which factor moderates the other).
| References | View | Virtual agent | Avatar | MI task | Feedback |
Conjectured relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alimardani et al. (2016a) | HMD | Hand (hum+Rob) | Yes | Hand clench | Discrete | SoO ← SoA* |
| Alimardani et al. (2016b) | HMD | Human Hand | Yes | Hand clench | Discrete | SoO ↔ SoA |
| Bashford and Mehring (2016) | proj. | Hand | No | Hand clench | Discrete | SoO ↔ SoA |
| Evans et al. (2015) | displ. | Cross | No | hand clench | Continuous | SoO ? SoA |
| Skola and Liarokapis (2018) | VR | Hand | Yes | Lift+finger ext.+press | Discrete | SoO → SoA |
| Skola et al. (2019) | VR | Hand | Yes | Pull + Push | Discrete | SoO ? SoA |
| Zopf et al. (2018) | proj. | Hand+Sphere | No | 3D hand movement | Continuous | SoO → SoA* |
| Braun et al. (2016) | POV** | Robotic hand | No | Wrist extension/flexion | Discrete | SoO → SoA |
*
studies that directly investigated the impact of ownership on sense of agency.
**
This study used a first person point view (POV) without any virtual agents, but with a real robotic 2 hand.