Table 3.

The microbial disinfection studies using TiO₂ with UV irradiation.

Type of TiO2 immobilization	Bacteria	UV wavelength (nm)	UV exposure (h)	Removal Efficiency (%)	References
TiO2 suspension	E. coli, Bacteriophage MS-2	less than300	2	∼90 > 99	[146]
TiO2 layer	Coliphage	254	0.03	98 ∼ 100	[144]
TiO2 suspension	E. coli K12 PHL849, E. coli K12 PHL1273	100–280	5	∼100	[129]
TiO2-coated glass	Bacteriophage T4, E. coli	300–400	3	100	[147]
TiO2 film	Lactobacillus casei Phage PL-1	300–400	24	99.9	[145]
TiO2 layer	Bacteriophage kNM1149	300–400	6	99.6	[148]