Table B.1.
Occurrence and density of wasted face masks related to COVID-19 pandemic in the environments.
| Number | Location | Sampling sites | Average densities | Research findings | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toronto; Canada | Residential areas, hospitals, Parking lots, | 1306 items, 31% representing face masks. Residential areas (2.9–2.7 × 10−4/m2). Hospitals and parking lots and (1.60–1.33 × 10−3/m2) | Parking lots and hospitals had higher numbers of face masks | (Ammendolia et al., 2021) |
| 2 | Jacarta bay; Indonesia | Cilincing and Marunda river mouths | 4500–5000 items (~254.7–246 items/day), 5.36–4.92% representing face masks | COVID-19 waste increased 5% the debris found in riverine sediments. | (Cordova et al., 2021) |
| 3 | Lima; Peru | 11 beaches | 138 items (7.44 × 10−4 items/m2), 66.4% representing disposable masks (surgical, KN95) |
Recreational beaches exhibited the highest number of items (73%), followed by surfing (24.6%), fishing and inaccessible beaches (< 1%). | (De-la-Torre et al., 2021) |
| 4 | Cox's Bazar; Bangladesh | One beach (13 sampling sites; 12 weeks) | 6.29 × 10−4/m2, 97.9% representing face masks | – | (Rakib et al., 2021) |
| 5 | Kwale, Kilifi, Mombasa; Kenya |
Beaches (sediments and water), and streets | Streets: 0.01 item/m Beaches: 0.1 items/m2 |
Kwale beaches had more items than Kilifi; Mombasa had a higher number of masks in the streets. | (Okuku et al., 2021) |