Serum adiponectin measured in three independent diagnostic cohorts. Serum levels of adiponectin are unchanged in PDAC regardless of diabetes status (a) and are elevated in PDAC and PDAC-DM compared to long-standing diabetes (b) and new-onset T2DM (NOD) (c). Adiponectin shows a moderate but significant negative correlation with BMI across all sample groups, with (rs(143)= -0.359, p<0.0001 (d). The median and interquartile range are shown for each group. p-values were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test, adjusted for multiple comparisons with the Holm-Bonferroni method. PDAC, pancreatic cancer; PDAC-DM, pancreatic cancer-related diabetes; LSDM, long-standing diabetes (>3yr post-diagnosis of DM); NOD, new-onset diabetes (<3yr post-diagnosis of DM).