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. 2022 Jan 8;29(20):30004–30018. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17920-6

Table 2.

Cross-sectional dependency (CD) estimation outcome

Model Pesaran (2007) CD test Pesaran (2015) LM test Breusch and Pagan (1980) LM test
LnCO2 = f(LnTR, LnRGDP, FDI, LnDC) 5.564*  − 1.673* 1174.35*
p-value (0.000) (0.004) (0.000)

* < 0.01