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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Health Med. 2021 Sep 23;27(1):150–161. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1983185

Table 1.

Demographic analyses between COVID-19 vaccination acceptance groups (n = 1062)

Overall Refusal group Hesitancy group Acceptance group Group comparisons
F/Chi-square p-value
n 1062 123 (11.6%) 662 (62.3%) 277 (26.1%)
Demographics
Age, Mean (SD) 24.95(7.67) 23.64(6.47) 23.75(6.59) 1.95 0.142
Gender
Female 848 (79.8%) 106(86%) 535(81%) 207(75%) 7.73* 0.021
Male 211 (19.9%) 17(13.8%) 125(18.9%) 69(25.0%)
Race/Ethnicitya
White/Caucasian 912 (85.9%) 103(83.7%) 568(85.8%) 241(87.0%) 0.76 0.685
Black/African American 71 (6.7%) 20(16.3%) 94(14.2%) 36(13.0%)
Hispanic/Latino 32 (3.0%)
Asian 85 (8.0%)
American Indian/Alaskan Native 6 (0.6%)
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander 3 (0.3%)
Other 6 (0.6%)
Annual family income
< $10,000 63 (5.9%) 7(5.7%) 44(6.8%) 12(4.4%) 14.82 0.063
$10,000 to $24,999 102 (9.6%) 7(5.7%) 64(9.8%) 31(11.3%)
$25,000 to $49,999 161 (15.2%) 26(21.1%) 104(16.0%) 31(11.3%)
$50,000 to $100,000 306 (28.8%) 43(35.0%) 179(27.5%) 84(30.5%)
>$100,000 417 (39.3%) 40(32.5%) 260(39.9%) 117(42.5%)
School yearb
Freshman 130 (12.2%) 66(53.7%) 353(53.7%) 137(49.5%) 1.49 0.475
Sophomore 112 (10.5%)
Junior 132 (12.4%)
Senior 182 (17.1%)
Master’s student, first year 100 (9.4%) 66(53.7%) 353(53.7%) 137(49.5%)
Master’s student, second year or above 107 (10.1%)
Doctoral student, first year 78 (7.3%)
Doctoral student, second year or above 216 (20.3%)
a

Race/Ethnicity was dichotomized into 0 (White/Caucasian) and 1 (non-White/Caucasian) for analyses

b

School year was dichotomized into 0 (undergraduate) and 1 (graduate) for analyses.