Fig. 1.

Recessive and dominant inherited causes of monogenic diabetes in the Turkish and UK populations. (a) Bar chart showing the number of individuals with monogenic diabetes by gene symbol and mode of inheritance (n = 34) identified in Turkish paediatric clinics (age at diagnosis 0.5–20 years). All monoallelic variants were included under autosomal dominant inheritance, and all biallelic variants were included under autosomal recessive inheritance. ‘Other’ includes mitochondrial variants. (b) Comparison of the mode of inheritance of monogenic diabetes in individuals identified from the current study in Turkey (a country with ~20% consanguinity) and the UK (a country with <1% consanguinity). Data from the UK are from individuals with monogenic diabetes identified in our previous systematic study in the same setting (paediatric diabetes clinic, n = 20/808) (11) as well as cases identified from routine diagnostic referrals diagnosed between 0.5 and 20 years (n = 102). All cases were identified by the same comprehensive genetic testing of all known autosomal dominant and recessive causes of monogenic diabetes as the current study. ***p = 0.0005 for the current study vs previous systematic study from the UK; ^†††p = 1 × 10⁻⁸ for the current study vs routine diagnostic referral from the UK