Table 2.
Rates of PSA testing according to different patient characteristics by HIV status, estimated through Poisson regression.
| Variable | Persons with HIV IRR (CI) | Persons without HIV IRR (CI) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (10 year increment) | 1.21 (1.20–1.22) | 1.15 (1.15–1.16) | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | Reference | Reference | |
| Black | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | 0.062 |
| Hispanic | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | <0.0001 |
| Other | 0.81 (0.78–0.83) | 0.78 (0.77–0.80) | 0.13 |
| Region | |||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference | |
| West | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.91 (0.90–0.92) | <0.0001 |
| Midwest | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.81 |
| South | 1.18 (1.16–1.20) | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of follow-up, years | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.0001 |
| CD4 Count | |||
| <200 cells/mm3 | Reference | ||
| 200–500 cells/mm3 | 1.06 (1.04–1.07) | <0.0001 | |
| >500 cells/mm3 | 1.10 (1.08–1.11) | <0.0001 | |
| Receipt of ART, | 1.11 (1.10–1.13) | <0.0001 | |
| HIV RNA >500 copies/mL | 0.90 (0.88–0.92) | 0.66 | |
| VACS Index (in 10-point increments) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.017 |
| Substance Abuse | 0.90 (0.89–0.91) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking Status | |||
| Never Smoker | Reference | Reference | |
| Former Smoker | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) | 1.14 (1.13–1.15) | 0.31 |
| Current Smoker | 1.14 (1.13–1.15) | 1.12 (1.11–1.13) | 0.009 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes | 1.23 (1.22–1.24) | 1.31 (1.30–1.31) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.30 (1.28–1.32) | 1.32 (1.31–1.33) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension | 1.22 (1.21–1.23) | 1.30 (1.29–1.31) | <0.0001 |
| Renal Impairment (eGFR<60) | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | 1.08 (1.05–1.10) | 0.99 |
| Hepatitis C Infection | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.94 (0.94–0.95) | 0.17 |
Abbreviations: HIV=Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IRR=Incidence Rate Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval; ART=Anti-retroviral therapy; VACS=Veterans Aging Cohort Study; CD4=Cluster of Differentiation 4; RNA=Ribonucleic Acid; GFR=Glomerular Filtration Rate
*
p-value for test of interaction term of variable of interest with HIV status.