Table 1.

Top 20 models with highest congruence to human depression.

Rank	Model #	GEO #	Genotype or treatment	Sex	Source; age
1	m142	GSE93918	HDAC2 KO in forebrain16	Male	pfc; 8–20 weeks
2	m2	GSE25926	APPsa knock-in29	Male	pfc; 24–28 weeks
3	m9	GSE13033	HTRA2 KO65		Cortex; day 10–17
4	m1	GSE25926	APP knockout29	Male	pfc; 24–28 weeks
5	m144	GSE85162	APP/PS1	Male	Hippocampus; 8 months
6	m5	GSE31458	ACHE-R34	Both	pfc; 4 months
7	m56	GSE151807	chronic mild stress66	Male	Cerebral cortex; 4 weeks
8	m7	GSE3621	R6/1 HD67	Both	Brain hemisphere; 18 weeks
9	m8	GSE3621	R6/1 HD67	Both	Brain hemisphere; 27 weeks
10	m143	GSE85162	APP/PS1	Male	Frontal cortex; 8 months
11	m3	GSE25926	APLP2 knock-out29	Male	pfc; 24–28 weeks
12	m14	GSE33057	STAT1 KO68		Hippocampal neurons; e15-16
13	m241	GSE52584	LRRK2 KO69		Striatum; 4 months
14	m127	GSE81672	chronic stress; resilient70		Basolateral amygdala
15	m132	GSE90962	subchronic stress71	Female	Nucleus accumbens
16	m146	GSE85162	APP/PS1	Female	Hippocampus; 8 months
17	m145	GSE85162	APP/PS1	Female	Frontal cortex; 8 months
18	m262	GSE7707	MPTP treatment		Striatum
19	m57	GSE46139	INSM1 KO72		Pituitary; embryonic day 17
20	m147	GSE80633	CRTC1 KO36	Female	Cortex; 2 months

Ranking is based on the hypergeometric score that rewards matching in same direction (up-up and down-down) while penalizing opposite patterns. Full scoring details provided in Supplementary Table 1. Each of the top models was from mice.

pfc, prefrontal cortex; e15-16, embryonic days 15 and 16. References (if available) are shown under genotype.