Table 2.

Changes in the kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence in common buckwheat plants of cv. ‘Panda’ grown under different controlled-environment production systems.

Light	PI	ABS/CSm	TRo/CSm	ETo/CSm	DIo/CSm	RC/CSm	ẟ Ro	φ Ro	ψ Ro
Control	2.1 ± 0.2	1492 ± 10	1244 ± 10	594 ± 20	247 ± 3	633 ± 6.3	0.36 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01
LED	1.5 ± 0.2***	1591 ± 23***	1305 ± 25*	545 ± 34	286 ± 11***	640 ± 21	0.36 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.01*	0.14 ± 0.01***

Control—solar light supplemented with HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) lamps; LED (Light-Emitting Diodes). Values represent means (n = 20) ± SE. Values marked with stars differ from the control significantly according to the Student's t test: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. ABS/CS_m—energy absorption by antennas, DI_o/CS_m—energy dissipation from PSII, ET_o/CS_m—the energy used for electron transport, PI—performance index of PSII, RC/CS_m—number of active reaction centers, TR_o/CS_m—excitation energy trapped in PSII, δ Ro—efficiency with which an electron can move from the reduced intersystem of electron acceptors to the PSI end electron acceptors, ψ Ro—probability, at time 0, that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond Q_A ⁻, φ Ro—quantum yield of electron transport from Q_A⁻ to the PSI end electron acceptors.