Table 3.

Chlorophyll index, the average content of total phenolics^a [µmol mg^–1 DW] and total flavonoids^b [nmol mg^–1 DW] in leaves of common buckwheat cv. 'Panda' under different controlled-environment production systems.

Light	Chlorophyll index	Phenolic content [µmol mg–1 DW]	Total flavonoid content [nmol mg–1 DW]
Control	18.9 ± 1.4	0.186 ± 0.015	52.4 ± 2.9
LED	14.5 ± 0.8**	0.449 ± 0.020***	114.4 ± 5.8***

Control—solar light supplemented with HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) lamps; LED (Light-Emitting Diodes). Values represent means (n = 20 for chlorophyll index; n = 3 for phenolic and total flavonoid content) ± SE. Stars indicate significant difference between means; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t test).

^aµmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg^–1 DW.

^bµmol quercetin equivalent (QUE)/mg^–1 DW.