Table 2.
Endoscopy level characteristics of primary and secondary prophylactic endoscopy, p-value < 0.05 bolded.
| Primary prophylaxis | Secondary prophylaxis | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Total number of endoscopy | 339 | – | 326 | – | – |
| Indication for endoscopy | – | – | – | – | – |
| Initial endoscopy for primary prophylaxis | 76 | 22 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Surveillance for primary prophylaxis | 198 | 58 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Management of active GI bleeding | 29 | 9 | 90 | 28 | – |
| Follow up after control of bleeding for eradication of varices | 7 | 2 | 69 | 21 | – |
| Surveillance for secondary prophylaxis | 25 | 7 | 155 | 48 | – |
| Anemia | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | – |
| Other | 1 | < 1 | 8 | 2 | – |
| If GI bleed, presenting symptom | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hematemesis | 7 | 24 | 46 | 51 | 0.020 |
| Melena/bloody stools | 16 | 55 | 30 | 33 | 0.060 |
| Anemia | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.549 |
| Hemoptysis | 2 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0.090 |
| Other | 3 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1.000 |
| Admit location of endoscopy | – | – | – | – | – |
| Same day surgery/out-patient | 228 | 57 | 200 | 61 | 0.144 |
| Floor | 106 | 27 | 99 | 30 | 0.889 |
| PICU | 4 | 1 | 24 | 7 | < 0.001 |
| ED | 0 | 0 | 1 | < 1 | 0.489 |
| Remaining is missing/unknown from EMR | 1 | < 1 | 2 | < 1 | – |
| Variceal grade/size | – | – | – | – | < 0.001 |
| None | 49 | 14 | 37 | 11 | – |
| Grade 1/small/mild | 128 | 38 | 83 | 25 | – |
| Grade 2/medium/moderate | 75 | 22 | 28 | 9 | – |
| Grade 3/large/severe | 56 | 17 | 115 | 35 | – |
| Visualized, but not graded | 31 | 9 | 63 | 19 | – |
| Red wale sign | 74 | 22 | 82 | 25 | 0.291 |
| Bleeds with red wale sign | 8 | 28 | 21 | 23 | 0.017 |
| Gastric varices | 74 | 22 | 108 | 33 | 0.001 |
| Bleeds with gastric varices | 3 | 10 | 29 | 32 | < 0.001 |
| Duodenal varices | 9 | 3 | 2 | < 1 | 0.080 |
| Bleeds with duodenal varices | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0.259 |
| Portal hypertensive gastropathy | 132 | 39 | 144 | 44 | 0.232 |
| Bleeds with portal hypertensive gastropathy | 12 | 41 | 39 | 43 | < 0.001 |
| Treatment of varices | – | – | – | – | – |
| None | 201 | 69 | 134 | 46 | < 0.001 |
| Primary ligation | 105 | 36 | – | – | – |
| Secondary ligation | 24 | 8 | 146 | 51 | < 0.001 |
| Primary sclerotherapy | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Secondary sclerotherapy | 1 | < 1 | 32 | 11 | < 0.001 |
| Attempted but unsuccessful ligation | 8 | 3 | 14 | 5 | 0.239 |
| Propranolol usage at the time of endoscopy | 23 | 7 | 50 | 15 | < 0.001 |
| Median NSBB dose, mg/kg/day (range) | 0.79 (0.42–1.64) | – | 1.06 (0.26–2.53) | – | 0.118 |
| How many bleeds occurred while on beta blocker | 3 | 13 | 6 | 12 | 0.233 |
| Octreotide used prior to endoscopy | 7 | 2 | 15 | 5 | 0.099 |
| Complications, immediate | 4 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0.173 |
| Bleeding during procedure | 1 | < 1 | 6 | 2 | – |
| Esophageal stricture | 1 | < 1 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Desaturations/respiratory distress | 2 | < 1 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Complications within 2 weeks | 3 | < 1 | 8 | 2 | 0.097 |
| Recurrence of bleeding episode | 0 | 0 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Abdominal pain | 1 | < 1 | 2 | < 1 | – |
| Hemoptysis | 0 | 0 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Hypoglycemia episode following procedure | 0 | 0 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Chest pain | 0 | 0 | 3 | < 1 | – |
| Febrile episode (also had chest pain) | 0 | 0 | 1 | < 1 | – |
| Headache, fatigue, dizziness | 1 | < 1 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Sore throat | 1 | < 1 | 0 | 0 | – |