Figure 2.

Timing of immune cell activity following injury. Tissue injury rapidly results in hemostasis, which is followed shortly by mast cell degranulation and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the wound to perform antimicrobial functions. As the inflammatory phase winds down, macrophages shift their phenotype to the more reparative M2s. Lymphocytes are recruited to the wound early in inflammation and persist in the wound at low levels for weeks following injury. Image created using BioRender.com. M2s, alternatively activated macrophages. Color images are available online.