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. 2022 Jan 8;41:16. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02231-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Concomitant extracellular lipid depletion and autophagy targeting strongly affect PDAC cell viability. A Heatmap obtained by measurement of HPDEK cell number 96 h upon treatment with incremental combined doses of Triacsin C and HCQ. HCQ: hydroxychloroquine. B and C Relative cell number of HPDEK cells transduced with a shRNA against ACSL3 (shACSL3 #1) and treated with 10 μM HCQ (B) or 100 nM bafilomycin (C). HCQ: hydroxychloroquine. Bafi: bafilomycin; n = 3. D Caspase-3 activity of HPDEK cells treated as in (B). HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; n = 3. E and F Relative cell number of PANC-1 cells transduced with 2 different shRNAs against ACSL3 and treated with 10 μM HCQ (E) or 100 nM bafilomycin (F). HCQ: hydroxychloroquine. Bafi: bafilomycin; n = 3. G Caspase-3 activity of PANC-1 cells treated as in (E). HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; n = 3. H Relative cell number of HPDEK cells transduced with a shRNA against ACSL3 (sh #1: shACSL3 #1) and treated as indicated for 72 h. HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; n = 3. I Caspase-3 activity of PANC-1 cells treated with media containing normal or delipidated serum for 72 h and/or 10 μM HCQ. HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; n = 3. J and K Immunoblot analysis for the indicated targets upon ACSL3 knockdown with 2 different shRNAs (J) and upon treatment with media containing delipidated serum for 72 h (K). Graphical data are shown as the mean ± s.d. Statistical analyses were done using one- or two-way ANOVA. **** P < 0.0001; n, number of biologically independent samples