Fig. 7.

Modes of action of epi-drugs explaining the manifestation of off-target effects. A Epi-drug treatment leads either to closed chromatin silencing transcription or to open chromatin facilitating transcription of transcriptional regulators and signaling molecules (first-line effectors). These first-line effectors can directly influence the activity of epigenetic modifiers (left side) or induce expression of additional factors known to affect epigenetic modifiers (second-line effectors, right side). B Epigenetic modifiers may regulate the activity of non-histone proteins through post-translational modification. These proteins include chromatin interactors, transcription factors and kinases and may in turn affect chromatin accessibility, transcription and signaling pathways. Created with bioRender.com