Table 2.
Laboratory data, microbiological culture results, and chest CT findings.
| 28-day status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Data a | All cases (n=249) | Recovered group (n=80) | Deceased group (n=169) | P Value |
| WBC, x 103/µL | 11.2 (8.1-15.0) | 9.3 (7.6-12.3) | 12.4 (8.7-16.1) | 0.001 |
| Neutrophil, x 103/µL | 9.6 (6.8-13.8) | 8.3 (6.2-11.0) | 10.5 (7.2-14.6) | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (11.0-13.8) | 12.9 (11.6 -13.9) | 12.3 (10.4-13.8) | 0.05 |
| Lymphocyte, x 103/µL | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | 0.5 (0.3-0.8) | 0.5 (0.3-1.0) | 0.61 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 5.6 (3.1-8.9) | 6.1 (4.1-10.3) | 5.2 (2.8-8.4) | 0.10 |
| Platelet, x 103/µL | 252.0 (172.0-334.5) | 273.5 (184.3-341.8) | 243.0 (167.5-332.0) | 0.26 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 31.0 (23.0-50.0) | 24.0 (18.0-31.5) | 38.0 (27.0-55.4) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.00 (0.80-1.60) | 0.93 (0.73-1.10) | 1.20 (0.82-1.87) | < 0.001 |
| Total Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.6-1.14) | 0.7 (0.6-1.1) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.22 |
| CRP, mg/L | 152 (83-228) | 124 (85-197) | 164 (80-250) | 0.030 |
| AST, U/L | 52 (37-89) | 51 (34-77) | 54 (39-93) | 0.13 |
| ALT, U/L | 37 (24-63) | 40 (26-63) | 36 (23-62) | 0.14 |
| LDH, U/L | 550 (421-706) | 495 (389-646) | 570 (452-761) | 0.006 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 612 (345-1118) | 482 (255-1061) | 640 (377-1134) | 0.013 |
| HS Troponin I, ng/L | 27.0 (9.6-142.5) | 11.5 (6.7-40.0) | 38.0 (15-313) | < 0.001 |
| D-Dimer, µg/mL | 1.5 (0.9-3.6) | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 2.0 (1.2-3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.34 (0.13-1.12) | 0.15 (0.08-0.32) | 0.48 (0.19-1.77) | < 0.001 |
| BNP (plasma), pg/mL | 87 (39-307) | 51 (27-172) | 120 (46-379) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial blood gas analysis a | ||||
| pH | 7.41 (7.32-7.47) | 7.44 (7.39-7.48) | 7.37 (7.29-7.46) | < 0.001 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 35 (30-42) | 33 (30-38) | 36 (30-44) | 0.08 |
| PaO2, mmHg | 65 (54-79) | 68 (58-80) | 63 (53-78) | 0.09 |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 22.8 (20-25) | 24.0 (21.4-26.0) | 22.0 (18.2-25.0) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 2.0 (1.4-3.0) | 1.8 (1.3-2.4) | 2.1 (1.4-3.3) | 0.001 |
| SO2, % | 92 (87-95) | 93 (90-96) | 91 (86-94) | 0.002 |
| FiO2, % | 60 (50-60) | 50 (50-60) | 60 (50-60) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2 / FiO2 | 116 (97-152) | 129 (108-162) | 112 (91-144) | 0.001 |
| PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 100 | 75 (30.1) | 12 (15.0) | 63 (37.3) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 200 | 217 (87.1) | 64 (80.0) | 153 (90.5) | 0.026 |
| 100< PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 200 | 142 (57.0) | 52 (65.0) | 90 (53.3) | 0.10 |
| 200< PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 300 | 21 (8.4) | 11 (13.8) | 10 (5.9) | 0.05 |
| PaO2 / FiO2 > 300 | 11 (4.4) | 5 (6.3) | 6 (3.6) | 0.34 |
| Blood culture b | 64 (25.7) | 11 (13.8) | 53 (31.4) | 0.003 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 34 (13.7) | 8 (10.0) | 26 (15.4) | 0.32 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 13 (5.2) | 2 (2.5) | 11 (6.5) | 0.23 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 13 (5.2) | 3 (3.8) | 10 (5.9) | 0.56 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 5 (2.0) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.00 |
| Respiratory sample culture | 96 (38.6) | 13 (16.3) | 83 (49.1) | < 0.001 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 47 (18.9) | 8 (10.0) | 39 (23.1) | 0.015 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 20 (8.0) | 1 (1.3) | 19 (11.2) | 0.005 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 7 (2.8) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (3.0) | 1.00 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.2) | 1.00 |
| Urine Culture | 70 (28.1) | 19 (23.8) | 51 (30.2) | 0.37 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 5 (2.0) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (1.8) | 0.66 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 10 (4.0) | 3 (3.8) | 1 (1.3) | 1.00 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 3 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.2) | 1.00 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 11 (4.4) | 3 (3.8) | 8 (4.7) | 1.00 |
| Escherichia coli | 20 (8.0) | 6 (7.5) | 14 (8.3) | 1.00 |
| Candida spp. | 23 (8.2) | 7 (8.8) | 16 (9.5) | 1.00 |
| Chest CT Score c | 15 (10-20) | 13 (9-19) | 16 (12-20) | 0.05 |
| Chest CT Score > 15 | 106 (42.6) | 27 (33.8) | 79 (46.7) | 0.034 |
| Chest CT Compatibility | ||||
| Typical | 194 (77.9) | 63 (78.8) | 131 (77.5) | 0.17 |
| Atypical | 27 (10.8) | 4 (5.0) | 23 (13.6) | 0.08 |
| Indeterminate appearance | 5 (2.0) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (2.4) | 1.00 |
| Negative | 4 (1.6) | 2 (2.5) | 2 (1.2) | 0.59 |
| No CT scan | 19 (7.6) | 10 (12.5) | 9 (5.3) | 0.71 |
All values are expressed as numbers (percentages) or median (interquartile range).Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; WBC, white blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; HS Troponin I, high-sensitive troponin I; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SO2, arterial oxygen saturation; FiO2a Tested on the day of ICU admission.b Collected percutaneously or via a central vein. c Performed on the day of hospital admission.