Table 1.

Approaches to oversight of food safety of products of animal biotechnology in selected countries and supranational groups

Country/Union	Regulatory agency	Regulatory policy for GM animals?	Consistent with Codex Alimentarius?	GM animal product approved for food?	Regulatory policy for GnEd animals?	Supporting presentation or reference
Argentina	SENASAa	Yes	Yes	No	Yesb	Maggi (2020) and Whelan (2020)
Australia/New Zealand	Food Standards Australia New Zealand	Yes, Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991	Yes	No	No; Code under review	Kelly (2020)
Brazil	CTNBioc	Yes, Biosafety Law 11,105, 2005; also see 28 Normative Resolutions	Yes	Yes	Yes	Finardi (2020)
Canada	Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Health Canada, othersd	Yes	Yes	Yes	NAe	Cianciarelli (2020)
Japan	Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Tsuda and Ohsawa (2020)
Philippines	Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry	No	Yes	No	No	Mingala (2020)
South Africa	Department of Science and Innovation	Yes	Yes	No	No	Groenewald (2020)
United States	Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration; othersf,g	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Kanelakis (2020)
African Unionh	–	NA	NA	NA	NA	Nengomasha (2020)
European Union	European Food Safety Authority	Yes	Yes	No	No	EFSA (2012)

^aServicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

^bUpdated policy under consideration

^cNational Biosafety Technical Commission

^dOthers as appropriate to application, may include Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Global Affairs Canada, and Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

^eCanada’s regulations are product-based. The method of genetic modification does not determine whether a safety assessment is required; 'novelty' of product is regulatory trigger for pre-market assessment. Canada has a Proposed new guidance for Novel Food Regulations focused on plant breeding

^fU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Food Safety and Inspection Service released an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in December 2020 that may result in a shift of regulatory jurisdiction for some products

^gUSDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service is responsible for the final safety determination and labeling for certain products, such as meat

^hA union of 55 African member states aimed at promoting economic and political integration. Strategy and advisory role, rather than regulatory