Table 5.

Conditional logistic regression models for severe disease or death due to COVID-19, in matched group (B)

Model	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)
Model type	Univariable		Multivariable
Explanatory variables	vitamin D ranges		vitamin D ranges + BMI		vitamin D ranges + BMI  + ethnic group		vitamin D ranges + BMI  + ethnic group + comorbidity
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Baseline vitamin D range
< 30 nmol/L	1.777 (1.477–2.138)	< 0.001	1.629 (1.349–1.966)	< 0.001	1.483 (1.223–1.799)	< 0.001	1.513 (1.230–1.861)	< 0.001
30–50 nmol/L	1.256 (1.057–1.492)	0.010	1.177 (0.988–1.403)	0.069	1.175 (0.984–1.403)	0.075	1.311 (1.083–1.587)	0.006
50–75 nmol/L	1.058 (0.863–1.208)	0.504	1.021 (0.863–1.208)	0.806	1.033 (0.872–1.224)	0.705	1.127 (0.940–1.351)	0.196
> 75 nmol/L	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
BMI category
< 25 kg/m2			Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
25–30 kg/m2			0.986 (0.848–1.147)	0.859	0.97 (0.833–1.129)	0.691	0.892 (0.757–1.050)	0.170
30–35 kg/m2			1.274 (1.077–1.506)	0.005	1.247 (1.052–1.477)	0.011	1.127 (0.938–1.354)	0.204
> 35 kg/m2			1.784 (1.469–2.167)	< 0.001	1.712 (1.406–2.086)	< 0.001	1.34 (1.083–1.659)	0.008
Ethnic group
General population					Ref.		Ref.
Ultra-orthodox					0.682 (0.554–0.839)	< 0.001	0.802 (0.643–1.000)	0.051
Arab					1.569 (1.334–1.845)	< 0.001	1.470 (1.238–1.746)	< 0.001
Comorbidity
Arrhythmia							1.037 (0.874–1.231)	0.679
Asthma							1.133 (0.884–1.452)	0.325
CHF							1.757 (1.404–2.198)	< 0.001
COPD							1.511 (1.172–1.947)	0.002
Chronic Renal Failure							2.077 (1.721–2.506)	< 0.001
Diabetes Mellitus							1.491 (1.300–1.709)	< 0.001
Hypertension							1.280 (1.097–1.494)	0.002
IHD							1.089 (0.930–1.274)	0.291
Malignancy							1.343 (1.134–1.590)	0.001

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, CHF congestive heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, ref. reference