Table 4.
Average change in SDD from index of specific CNS-active medications according to use at index
| Fall-related injury at index | Average change in SDD from indexb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | ||
| Antidepressants | Yes | −0.36 (−0.57, −0.15) | −0.56 (−0.82, −0.29) | −0.50 (−0.80, −0.20) |
| No | −0.62 (−0.75, −0.50) | −0.60 (−0.73, −0.46) | −0.70 (−0.87, −0.53) | |
| p-valuea | 0.011 | 0.770 | 0.216 | |
| Opioids | Yes | −0.53 (−0.70, −0.36) | −0.49 (−0.67, −0.32) | −0.63 (−0.80, −0.46) |
| No | −0.64 (−0.76, −0.52) | −0.64 (−0.74, −0.53) | −0.62 (−0.73, −0.51) | |
| p-valuea | 0.267 | 0.137 | 0.883 | |
| Benzodiazepines and other sedative hypnotics | Yes | −0.41 (−0.58, −0.24) | −0.41 (−0.62, −0.21) | −0.52 (−0.71, −0.33) |
| No | −0.62 (−0.81, −0.43) | −0.68 (−0.88, −0.48) | −0.67 (−0.87, −0.46) | |
| p-valuea | 0.054 | 0.023 | 0.158 | |
Abbreviations: ACT = Adult Changes in Thought; CNS = central nervous system; SDD = standardized daily dose
p-value corresponding to test of whether average change in SDD from index differs between those with fall-related injury and those without
Estimates for average change in SDD at each time point (relative to index) are based on adjusted regression models and standardized to a common distribution of covariates. Regression models were adjusted for the following covariates (as of index): age (spline 2df), calendar time (spline 2df), class(es) of CNS-active medications used, clinical encounter type at index, ACT cohort, gender, race/ ethnicity, education, self-rated health, frail (per gait speed), cognition, treatment for hypertension, treatment for diabetes, osteoarthritis, coronary artery disease, stroke, anxiety, depression, urinary incontinence, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia, and prior falls.