Table 1.
TGFβ signaling biomarkers associated with prognosis
| Biomarker | Detection | Specimens (n) | Cancer | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| TGFβ1 | IHC | 81 | Breast cancer | Invasiveness | Walker et al. 1992 (56) |
| TGFβ1 | IHC | 57 | Breast cancer | PFS | Gorsch et al. 1992 (57) |
| TGFβ1 | IHC | 34 | CRC | Metastasis | Friedman et al. 1995 (74) |
| TGFβ1 mRNA, plasma | Northern Hybridization, ELISA | 22 | CRC | Progression | Tsushima et al. 1996 (100) |
| TGFβ1,TβRI, TβRII | IHC | 73 | Prostate cancer | OS | Wikstrom et al. 1998 (77) |
| TGFβ1 serum | ELISA | 74 | Breast cancer | Invasiveness | Sheen-Chen et al. 2001 (101) |
| TGFβ1 plasma | ELISA | 302 | Prostate cancer | PFS | Shariat et al. 2004 (78) |
| TβRI, TβRII | IHC | 246 | Breast cancer | OS | Buck et al. 2004 (73) |
| TGFβ1 tumor cytosol | ELISA | 193 | Breast cancer | PFS | Desruisseau et al. 2006 (59) |
| TGFβ2 plasma | ELISA | 21 | Glioblastoma | OS | Schneider et al. 2006 (80) |
| pSMAD2 | IHC | 52 | Glioma | PFS, OS | Bruna et al. 2007 (79) |
| TβRI signature | Microarray | 295 | Breast cancer | PFS, OS | Wang et al. 2008 (22) |
| pSMAD2 | IHC | 135 | Gastric Carcinoma | Metastasis, OS | Shinto et al. 2010 (85) |
| TGFβ1 mRNA, TGFβ signature | Affymetrix | 343 | CRC | PSF | Calon et al. 2012 (75) |
| TβRI, TβRII, pSMAD2 | IHC | 574 | Breast cancer | PFS | de Kruijf et al. 2013 (102) |
| pSMAD2 | IHC | 78 | NSCLC | OS | Chen et al. 2014 (103) |
| TGFβ1 plasma | ELISA | 644 | Pancreatic Cancer | OS | Javle et al. 2014 (86) |
| fibroblast TβRII | IHC | 252 | Breast cancer | PFS | Busch et al. 2015 (95) |
| TGFβ | IHC | 407 | Liver cancer | PFS, OS | Huang et al. 2017 (81) |
| TGFβ signature | TCGA | 279 | HNSC | OS | Liu et al. 2018 (16) |