Table 2.
TGFβ biomarkers associated with response to therapy
| Biomarker | Detection | Cancer | Therapy | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| TGFβ1 | IHC, qRT-RCR | Prostate cancer | IR | Tumor sensitivity | Wu et al. 2015 (104) |
| pSMAD2 | IF | HNSC | IR | Cell sensitivity | Liu et al. 2018 (16) |
| pSMAD2 | Western blot | Breast cancer | TβR inhibition, IR | Cell sensitivity | Bouquet et al.2011 (27) |
| serum TGFβ1 | ELISA | Cervical Carcinoma | Cisplatin-based chemoradiation | Tumor response | Yang et al. 2006 (105) |
| TGFβ signature | NanoString analysis | Breast cancer | Paclitaxel, docetaxel | Proportion of stem cells | Bhola et al. 2013 (18) |
| Nuclear SMAD3 | IHC | Breast cancer | Paclitaxel, trastuzumab | Pathological response | Chihara et al. 2017 (21) |
| TGFβ related mRNA | Gene sequencing | HNSC | Carboplatin or cisplatin followed by paclitaxel | Tumor response | Brown et al. 2017 (13) |
| TGFβ2 | IHC | CRC | Oxaliplatin-based treatment | Disease free survival | Tang et al. 2018 (20)] |
| Active TβRI signature | Microarray | Breast cancer | Trastuzumab, vinorelbine | Pathological response | Wang et al. 2008 (22) |
| TGFβ secretion | ELISA | HNSC | Cetuximab | Cell toxicity | Bedi et al 2012 (106) |
| TGFB1 | RNA sequencing | Urothelial cancer | anti-PD-L1 and standard-of-care | Tumor response | Mariathasan et al. 2018 (87) |
| TGFβ signature | RNA sequencing | Urothelial cancer | anti-PD-L1 and standard-of-care | Tumor response | Mariathasan et al. 2018 (87) |