. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 Oct 25;70(1):235–242. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17465

Table 1.

Models that Identify Factors that Influence Health Outcomes

Domains Proposed	National Institute on Aging Health Disparity Framework (Hill et al., 2015)	Sociocultural Framework for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Service Disparity (Alegria et al., 2009)	The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) SDOH Framework (Solar, 2010)
Activities and Social Engagement	Behavioral	Provider/Clinician Factors Patient Factors	Behaviors and Biological Factors
Well-being	Biological		Behaviors and Biological Factors
Demographic Factors	Fundamental Factors		Social Class, Gender, Ethnicity (racism) Education, Occupation, and Income
Social and Economic Factors	Sociocultural	Environmental Context	Material Circumstances
Social Capital	Sociocultural	Operation of Health Care System and Community System	Social Cohesion and Social Capital Psychosocial Factors
Built and Social Environment	Environmental	Environmental Context	Governance Macroeconomic and Social Policies Culture and Societal Values
Lifecourse Factors	Lifecourse Perspective	Environmental Context