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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 Oct 11;70(1):188–199. doi: 10.1111/jgs.17469

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Incremental cost-effectiveness planes of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) compared with education-only control (EOC) with 95% confidence ellipse. The point estimate is red and each of the 1000 bootstrap replicates are black. Panel A. Effectiveness measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The point estimate is in the South West quadrant, meaning CBT-I produces fewer QALYs (−0.005) and reduces costs (−$1072) Panel B. Effectiveness measured by Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The point estimate is South East quadrant, meaning CBT-I reduces insomnia (−2.6 ISI) and costs (−$1072) Panel C. Effectiveness measured by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The point estimate is in the South East quadrant, meaning CBT-I reduces arthritis-related functional limitations (−2.6 WOMAC) and reduces costs (−$1072) Panel D. Effectiveness measured by insomnia-free nights (i.e., nights without clinical insomnia). The point estimate is South East quadrant, meaning CBT-I increases insomnia-free nights (88.6 nights) and reduces costs (−$1072)