Table 2.
Side effects occurring during ketogenic phase
| Parameters | N (%) | Time to onset from the beginning of VLCKD ± SD (days) | Duration (mean ± SD) (days) | Medically treated N (%) and which remedy N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | 48 (45.3) | 4.23 ± 4.99 | 7.43 ± 8.84 |
19 (17.9)9 (47.36) ibuprofen 9 (47.36) paracetamol 1 (5.26) indomethacin |
| Dry mouth | 41 (43.5) | 3.83 ± 3.22 | 19.95 ± 10.35 | – |
| Dizziness | 17 (16) | 6.12 ± 7.26 | 9.35 ± 7.37 | – |
| Hypotension | 19 (17.9) | 4.68 ± 4.69 | 11.31 ± 10.99 | – |
| Visual disturbances | 5 (4.7) | 5.40 ± 4.72 | 8 ± 5.43 | – |
| Low blood sugar | 1 (0.9) | 2 | 1 | – |
| Lethargy | 49 (46.2) | 4.66 ± 4.40 | 15.9 ± 9.6 | – |
| Halitosis | 49 (46.2) | 2.90 ± 1.52 | 22.06 ± 8.24 |
18 (17) 15(83.33) chewing gum 2 (11.11) oral spray 1 (5.55) mouthwash |
| Diarrhoea | 13 (12.3) | 13.31 ± 11.48 | 10.08 ± 11.48 | – |
| Constipation | 30 (28.3) | 11.2 ± 16.20 | 16.37 ± 8.95 |
8 (7.5) 8 (100) osmotic laxative |
| Vomiting/nausea | 16 (15.1) | 4.81 ± 4.94 | 4.19 ± 3.25 |
2 (1.9) 1 (50) metoclopramide 1 (50) antacid |
| Hyperuricemia | 11 (10.4) | – | – |
8 (7.5) 8 (100) allopurinol |
| Urolithiasis | 0 | – | – | – |
| Gallbladder disease | 0 | – | – | – |
| Hair loss | 16 (15.1) | 15 ± 9.75 | 15 ± 20.19 |
3 (2.8) 3 (100) hair supplement |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%)