FIGURE 1.

MMDaV infectious clone triggers cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. (a) Phenotypes of N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring the construct expressing only the green fluorescent protein (GFP) (the upper panel) or the construct of MMDaV infectious clone (the lower panel). Photographs were captured under bright light and ultraviolet light at 3 days postinfiltration (dpi). Production of H₂O₂ is shown as 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. At least three biological replicates with five plants were performed for each treatment. (b) Quantification of cell death by measuring electrolyte leakage at 2 dpi. Means and standard errors are shown from four independent replicates. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences evaluated with Student's t test, *p < 0.05. Error bars represent standard deviation of each data set. (c) PCR analysis of MMDaV accumulation in infiltrated leaf patches. Specific primers were used to amplify the c.1500 bp product from the total DNA extracted from infiltrated leaf patches