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. 2021 Oct 20;50(6):1995–2010. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab203

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Non-linear Mendelian randomization of body mass index on chronic kidney disease risk. The dose–response curve between body mass index and chronic kidney disease risk for (A) UK Biobank and (B) the HUNT Study. The gradient at each point of the curve is the localized average causal effect. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. CKD, chronic kidney disease.