Table 1.

Marketed RNA products.

Type	Product	Gene Target	Indication	Approval Year	Company
ASO	Vitravene (Fomivirsen)	Cytomegalovirus gene (UL123)	Cytomegalovirus infection	1998	Ionis Pharmaceuticals
	Kynamro (Mipomersen)	ApoB-100	Hypercholesterolemia	2013	Ionis Pharmaceuticals
	Exondys 51 (Eteplirsen)	Dystrophin (exon 51)	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	2016	Sarepta Therapeutics
	Spinraza (Nusinersen)	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy	2016	Ionis Pharmaceuticals
	Tegsedi (inotersen)	TTR	TTR-mediated amyloidosis	2018	Ionis Pharmaceuticals
	Waylivra (Volanesorsen)	ApoCIII	Familial chylomicronemia syndrome	2019	Ionis Pharmaceuticals/Akcea
	Vyondy 53 (Golodirsen)	Dystrophin (exon 53)	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	2019	Sarepta Therapeutics
	Viltepso (viltolarsen)	Dystrophin (exon 53)	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	2020	Nippon Shinyaku
	AMONDYS 45 (casimersen)	Dystrophin (exon 45)	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	2021	Sarepta Therapeutics
siRNA	Onpattro (patisiran)	TTR	TTR-mediated amyloidosis	2018	Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
	Givlaari (givosiran)	ALAS1	Acute hepatic porphyrias	2019	Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
	OXLUMO (lumasiran)	Glycolate oxidase	Primary hyperoxaluria type 1	2020	Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
	Inclisiran (Leqvio)	PCSK9	Hypercholesterolemia	2020	Novartis/ Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
Aptamer	Macugen (Pegaptanib)	VEGF-165	Age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema	2004	Eyetech Pfizer
mRNA	Comirnaty (tozinameran)	SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mRNA	COVID-19	2020	BioNTech/Pfizer
	mRNA-1273	SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mRNA	COVID-19	2020	Moderna/NIAID/BARDA

Abbreviation: Apo: Apolipoprotein; SMN2: Survival of motor neuron 2, TTR: Transthyretin, ALAS1: Aminolevulinate synthase 1, PCSK9: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor, COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.