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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul 10;32(6):350–363. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.07.001

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

A: Concealed phase 2 reentry gives rise to late potentials and fractionated bipolar electrogram (Bipolar EG) activity recorded from epicardium but not endocardium (Endo) in an experimental model of Brugada syndrome. Each panel shows (from top to bottom) a bipolar epicardial (Epi) EG, action potentials recorded from Endo and two Epi sites and an ECG all simultaneously recorded from a coronary-perfused right ventricular (RV) wedge preparation exposed to NS5806 (5 μM) and verapamil (2 μM) to induce the Brugada phenotype. Heterogeneous loss of the dome at epicardium caused local re-excitation via a concealed phase 2 re-entry mechanism, leading to the development of late potentials and fractionated bipolar epicardial EGs. Basic cycle length = 1000 ms. B: Phase 2 Reentry-induced ventricular fibrillation. The phase 2 reentrant beat produced a closely coupled extrasystole that precipitated an episode of polymorphic tachycardia. Reproduced from (81), with permission.