Table 2. Recent works of AI-assisted application in other surgery.

Study	Year	Operations	No. of video	Applications	Performance
Matava et al. (24)	2020	Laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy	775	Anatomy classification in real-time	Overall confidence of classification ranges 0.54 to 0.84
Kitaguchi et al. (26)	2020	Colorectal surgery	300	Surgical phase, action, and tool recognition	Accuracy of 81.0%, 83.2%, and 51.2% respectively
Madad Zadeh et al. (27)	2020	Hysterectomy	461 images	Anatomy detection	Accuracy of 24–97%
Morita et al. (54)	2019	Cataract surgery	303	Surgical phase recognition	Mean correct response rate of 96.5%
Bodenstedt et al. (55)	2019	Laparoscopic procedure	80	Surgical duration prediction	Overall average error of 37%
Hashimoto et al. (56)	2019	Gastrectomy	88	Surgical phase recognition	Accuracy of 82%
Korndorffer et al. (57)	2020	Cholecystectomy	1,051	CVS and intraoperative events evaluation	Accuracy of 75%, and 99%
Mascagni et al. (59)	2020	Cholecystectomy	100	Formalization of video reporting of CVS	Kappa scores of inter-rater agreements by binary assessment is 0.75
Yamazaki et al.	2020	Gastrectomy	52	Surgical tool detection	Accuracy 86% accuracy

AI, artificial intelligence; CVS, critical view of safety.