Table 1.
Demographics and clinical course of the four HIV SARS-CoV-2 co-infected cases
| Patient A | Patient B | Patient C | Patient D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 33 | 54 | 49 | 41 |
| Sex | Male | Male | Male | Male |
| Race | Asian | Asian | Asian | Asian |
| Smoking | Non-smoker | Ex-smoker | Non-smoker | Non-smoker |
| Past Medical history | ||||
| Co-morbidities | Good past health | Hyperlipidaemia | Good past health | Chronic tonsillitis with bilateral tonsillectomy |
| HIV status | ||||
| Year of HIV diagnosis | NA | 2004 | NA | 2020 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio at baseline | 0.79 | NA | NA | 0.68 |
| HIV viral load at or before admission (copies per ml) | <20 copies/ml | NA | NA | NA |
| ART regime before admission | ABC/DTG/3TC | ABC/3TC & NVP | FTC/TDF & DRV/COBI | NA |
| ART regime during admission | Changed to DTG | Changed to ABC/DTG/3TC | FTC/TDF & DRV/COBI | LPV/r & FTC/TDF, changed to BIC/FTC/TAF |
| Clinical presentation at hospital admission | ||||
| Interval between symptom onset and admission to hospital (days) | 7 | 33 | 15 | 7 |
| Symptoms | Sore throat | Fever, malaise | Cough, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, diarrhoea | Fever, cough, rhinorrhoea, diarrhoea |
| Chest radiograph | Clear | Mild right lung filtrate | Mild right lower zone infiltrate | Clear |
| Disease Severityb | Mild | Moderate | Moderate | Mild |
| Antiviral therapy during hospitalization (days of therapy) | LPV/r & Ribavirin (14 days) | Remdesivir (10 days) | No | LPV/r (1 day)a, INF β-1b (5 days) |
| Antibiotic during hospitalization (days of therapy) | No | Augmentin (8 days) | Augmentin (7 days) | Augmentin (8 days) |
| Immunomodulatory agents (corticosteroids or tocilizumab) | No | No | No | No |
| Length of hospital stay | 23 days | 27 days | 30 days | 14 days |
Abbreviations: NA, not available, ART, antiretroviral therapy; ABC/DTG/3TC, Abavacir/dolutegravir/lamuvidine; ABC/3TC, Abacavir/lamuvidine; NVP, Nevirapine; FTC/TDF, Entricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; DRV/COBI, Darunavir/cobicistat; LPV/r, Lopinavir/ritonavir; BIC/FTC/TAF, Bictegravir/entricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide; INF β-1b, Interferon beta-1b; DTG, Dolutegravir.
Intolerable to Lopinavir/ritonavir
Disease severity was defined as mild (no imaging signs of pneumonia), moderate (imaging signs of pneumonia), severe (respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min, oxygen saturation ≤ 93% at rest or PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg) and critically ill (shock, mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit care).