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Quarterly seasonal fluctuations in total outpatient antibiotic use and influenza virus activity between 2014 and 2021. The black line represents antibiotic use measured as number of packs of antibacterials for systemic use prescribed in primary care during the pre-pandemic period (circles) and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period (triangles), and the red stacked boxes represent the number of influenza-positive cases per 100 000 inhabitants in Andalusia, Spain. Q, quarter.
