Table 4. Patient surgical outcomes.

Outcomes	Values
Operative time, min	247.8±73.1 [126–455]
Blood loss, mL	300.4±321.8 [50–1,500]
Mediastinal lymph nodes dissected
Stations	3.7±1.2 [1–7]
Numbers	13.1±7.9 [2–37]
POD 1 drainage volume, mL	321.4±139.3 [80–750]
Chest tube duration, days	8.4±5 [2–26]
Postoperative length of stay, days	10.5±5.8 [4–29]
Postoperative early complications (grade ≥2), n (%)
Arrhythmia	1 (1.9)
Prolonged air leakage >7 days	18 (33.3)
Bacterial pneumonia	25 (46.3)
Pleural effusion or pneumothorax requiring drainage	1 (1.9)
Severe atelectasis requiring fiberoptic bronchoscopy or tracheotomy	4 (7.4)
Unplanned reoperation	1 (1.9)

POD 1, postoperative day 1.