1. Characteristics of participants in included studies.
| Study |
Randomised COPD participants (number) |
Lost to follow‐up (%) |
Age (years; mean (SD)) |
Gender (% male) |
Current smokers (%) |
FEV1/FVC ratio (SD) |
FEV1% predicted (SD) |
|||||||
| Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | Self‐management | Usual care | |
| Benzo 2016 | 108 | 107 | 14.8 | 0.9 | 67.9 (9.8) | 68.1 (9.2) | 43 | 48 | NR | NR | 48.2 (13.8) | 47.7 (13.8) | 40.5 (17.1) | 40.3 (17.2) |
| Bischoff 2012 | 55 | 55 | 10.9* | 20* | 65.5 (11.5) | 63.5 (10.3) | 67 | 51 | 29 | 33 | 43 (78)** | 38 (69)** | 66.3 (16.5) | 67.0 (18.0) |
| Bösch 2007 | 38 | 12 | 21.1* | 8.3* | 63.8 (8.4) | 64.6 (6.8) | NR | NR | 13.3 | 27.3 | NR | NR | 45.9 (17.5) | 47.8 (16.9) |
| Bourbeau 2003 | 96 | 95 | 10.4 | 16.8 | 69.4 (6.5) | 69.6 (7.4) | 52 | 59 | 25 | 26 | 46 | 45 | NR | NR |
| Bringsvor 2018 | 92 | 90 | 31.5* | 22.2 | 68.5 (8.16) | 69.3 (9.02) | 59 | 63 | NR | NR | 45.2 (12.4) | 45.1 (12.7) | 45.2 (14.4) | 44.8 (16.2) |
| Bucknall 2012 | 232 | 232 | 16.8 | 21.1 | 70.0 (9.3) | 68.3 (9.2) | 38 | 35 | 39 | 39 | 46.4 (0.12) | 45.4 (0.12) | 41.2 (13.4) | 39.8 (13.8) |
| Coultas 2005#,a | 72 | 73 | 31.9 | 30.1 | 68.3 (6.6) | 68.8 (10.4) | 42.9 | 53.8 | 28.6 | 27.5 | 48.08 (12.35) | 52.05 (12.99) | NR | NR |
| Coultas 2005#,b | 72 | 73 | 29.2 | 30.1 | 70.1 (7.0) | 68.8 (10.4) | 32.7 | 53.8 | 23.5 | 27.5 | 49.85 (11.18) | 52.05 (12.99) | NR | NR |
| Emery 1998 | 25 | 25 | 8.0* | 0.0* | 67.4 (5.9) | 67.4 (5.9) | 40 | 48 | 14 | 20 | 45 (11) | 43 (12) | 43 (18) | 43 (18) |
| Fan 2012 | 209 | 217 | 17.2 | 9.2 | 66.2 (8.4) | 65.8 (8.2) | 97.6 | 96.3 | 28.2 | 27.2 | 47 (12) | 47 (12) | 38.2 (14.3) | 37.8 (14.5) |
| Ferrone 2019 | 84 | 84 | 14.3 | 11.9 | 68.6 (9.6) | 67.9 (9.8) | 40.5 | 52.4 | 39.3 | 57.1 | 55.6 (11.8) | 53.6 (10.4) | 55.5 (14.5) | 53.2 (14.7) |
| Gallefoss 1999 | 31 | 31 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 57 (9) | 58 (10) | 48 | 52 | 39 | 39 | 55 (9) | 52 (10) | 59 (9) | 56 (11) |
| Hernández 2015 | 76 | 84 | 22.4 | 34.5 | 73 (8) | 75 (9) | 83 | 86 | 13 | 14 | 47 (13) | 47 (15) | 41 (19) | 44 (20) |
| Johnson‐Warrington 2016 | 38 | 39 | 10.5 | 7.7 | 67.6 (8.5) | 68.3 (7.7) | 38.4 | 33.3 | 35.9 | 46.2 | 47.1 (14.0) | 42.8 (10.5) | 40.5 (15.7) | 42.5 (11.7) |
| Jolly 2018 | 289 | 288 | 14.5 | 2.4 | 70.7 (8.8) | 70.2 (7.8) | 63 | 64 | 26 | 19 | NR | NR | 71.2 (18.9) | 72.1 (18.7) |
| Jonsdottir 2015 | 60 | 59 | 20.0 | 11.9 | 59.4 (4.7) | 58.7 (4.4) | 39.6 | 51.9 | 50.0 | 69.2 | NR | NR | 54.0 (17.6) | 60.9 (17.3) |
| Kessler 2018 | 172 | 173 | 20.3 | 26.0 | 67.3 (8.9) | 66.6 (9.6) | 69.4 | 69.8 | 21.7 | 21.0 | 45.7 (11.3) | 43.7 (11.3) | 37.8 (12.4) | 36.4 (12.3) |
| Lenferink 2019 | 102 | 99 | 16.7 | 15.2 | 68.8 (9.0) | 68.2 (8.9) | 64.7 | 63.6 | 19.6 | 20.2 | 49.3 (14.3) | 48.5 (12.2) | 53.4 (16.1) | 50.7 (14.3) |
| Liang 2019 | 157 | 115 | 28.0 | 33.0 | 66.6 (10.8) | 61.7 (10.1) | 60.5 | 62.6 | 53.5 | 71.3 | 57 (13) | 57 (10) | 69.0 (20.5) | 70.8 (19.3) |
| Martin 2004 | 44 | 49 | 20.5 | 8.2 | 71.1 (68.7, 73.5)## | 69.1 (63.5, 74.7)## | 34.1 | 65.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 35.4 (31.6, 39.2)## | 34.3 (31.2, 37.4)## |
| Mitchell 2014 | 89 | 89 | 27.0 | 18.0 | 69 (8) | 69 (10.1) | 60.7 | 49.5 | 20.2 | 22.1 | 49.8 (13.4) | 50.5 (11.1) | 56.0 (16.8) | 60.0 (17.4) |
| Rice 2010 | 372 | 371 | 9.7 | 12.9 | 69.1 (9.4) | 70.7 (9.7) | 97.6 | 98.4 | 21.6 | 23.0 | 53.0 (14.5) | 54.4 (14.3) | 36.1 (14.5) | 38.2 (14.4) |
| Rose 2018 | 237 | 238 | 12.7 | 19.7 | 71 (9.2) | 71 (9.7) | 50 | 44 | 23 | 26 | 50 (12.6) | 52 (13.0) | 43 (17.0) | 45 (17.8) |
| Sanchez‐Nieto 2016 | 51 | 45 | 7.8$ | 15.6$ | 68.2 (7.2) | 67.1 (6.8) | 92.2 | 88.9 | 37.3 | 35.6 | 53 (17) | 55 (10) | 47.3 (14.4) | 44.3 (11.9) |
| Tabak 2014 | 15 | 14 | 33.3$ | 71.4$ | 64.1 (9.0) | 62.8 (7.4) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 36.4 | 33.3 | 36.5 (29.5‐51.0)$$ | 33.5 (26.0‐52.0)$$ | 50.0 (33.3‐61.5)$$ | 36.0 (26.0‐53.5)$$ |
| Titova 2015^ | 91 | 81 | 44.0 | 39.5 | 73.6 (9.2) | 72.2 (9.4) | 42.9 | 42.5 | 33.0 | 40.0 | NR | NR | 33.6 (9.9) | 33.4 (9.4) |
| Walters 2013 | 90 | 92 | 17.8 | 13.0 | 68.2 (7.9) | 67.3 (7.6) | 54 | 51 | 48 | 36 | 56 (12) | 50 (11) | 54.0 (13.4) | 56.4 (13.2) |
| Wang 2019 | 77 | 77 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 68.7 (6.2) | 69.2 (6.1) | 76.6 | 80.5 | 44.2 | 41.6 | 55.2 (18.2) | 56.7 (16.9) | 58.4 (17.3) | 59.2 (18.2) |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity; NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation.
*No deaths reported and included in these data; **Post‐bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal; #Study with one usual care group and two intervention groups, number of participants in usual care group halved in meta‐analyses; ##mean (95% confidence interval); $unclear whether the deaths were included in these data (self‐management: 0; usual care: 2); $$median (interquartile range); ^Different baseline data reported in 2015 and 2017 articles, data of 2017 article included in this Table; anurse‐assisted medical management intervention group; bnurse‐assisted collaborative management intervention group