Coultas 2005.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: RCT Follow‐up: 6 months Intervention 1: nurse‐assisted medical management (MM) Intervention 2: nurse‐assisted collaborative management (CM) Control group: usual care
Participants	Recruitment: primary care clinics Assessed for eligibility: 217 Randomly assigned: MM: 72; CM: 72; UC: 73 Completed: MM: 49; CM: 51; UC: 51 Mean age: MM: 68.3 (SD 6.6) years; CM: 70.1 (SD 7.0) years; UC 68.8 (SD 10.4) years Gender (% male): MM: 42.9%; CM: 32.7%; UC: 53.8% COPD diagnosis: COPD‐related diagnosis code (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision: codes 491, 492, 496), FEV1 < 80%; FEV1/FVC < 70%, confirmed by authors Inclusion of participants in acute phase: no Major inclusion criteria: current or former smoker with at least a 20‐pack‐year smoking history, at least one respiratory symptom (e.g. cough, shortness of breath or wheeze), airflow obstruction (i.e. FEV1/FVC ratio, 70%; and FEV1, 80% predicted) during the past 12 months Major exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Mode: MM: enhance participant knowledge. CM: enhance participant knowledge and facilitating the adoption of healthy behaviour including lifestyle and self‐management skills Duration: 1 face‐to‐face individual session (mean 64 min ± 23.1), mean 6.0 ± 1.8 telephone calls (10.0 min ± 5.4) Professional: nurse Assignment of case manager: no Self‐management components: smoking cessation (optional), self‐recognition of COPD exacerbations (optional), use of a COPD exacerbation action plan (optional), COPD medication intake (i.e. adherence, inhalation technique) (optional) Self‐management topics: coping with breathlessness, review of symptoms and medications, education about COPD symptoms and medications Behavioural change techniques: MM: 2 clusters: goals and planning, feedback and monitoring. CM: 3 clusters: goals and planning, feedback and monitoring, social support
Outcomes	1. Health status 2. SGRQ 3. SF‐36 4. Perceived illness intrusiveness 5. Doctor visits 6. ER visits 7. Hospital admissions
Notes	Note 1: baseline characteristics are given only for the group of participants who completed the six‐month follow‐up period. Note 2: dropout percentages are high: MM: 32.0%; UC: 30.1%. Note 3: participants who dropped out of the study had more severe airflow obstruction, higher levels of distress and lower quality of life compared with participants who completed the study. Note 4: content of the interventions is not described properly, whereas the training of the nurses providing the intervention was described in detail. Note 5: outcome measures of self‐efficacy and social support and BSI‐18 and CES‐D scores were measured but not reported in the article. Source of funding: a grant from Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Conflict of interest: not reported