Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population (N = 360) and Antibody Responsea
| Characteristics | Negative (N = 77) | Positive (N = 283) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 64 (13) | 62 (15) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 46 (20%)b | 181 (80%) |
| Male | 31 (23%) | 102 (77%) |
| Hypertension | 26 (23%) | 85 (77%) |
| Diabetes | 7 (22%) | 25 (78%) |
| Asthma | 18 (14%) | 113 (86%) |
| COPD | 7 (15%) | 40 (85%) |
| Interstitial lung diseases | 51 (36%) | 89 (63%) |
| Sarcoidosis | 5 (19%) | 21 (81%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 10 (48%) | 11 (52%) |
| Renal diseases | 6 (27%) | 16 (73%) |
| Rheumatic diseases | 31 (35%) | 57 (65%) |
| ACEI/ARB | 27 (23%) | 92 (77%) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 26 (18%) | 115 (82%) |
| Systemic corticosteroids (exclude tapering dose) | 18 (27%) | 49 (73%) |
| Immunosuppressants | 49 (36%) | 89 (64%) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 11 (31%) | 24 (69%) |
| Biologicsc /JAK inhibitors | 27 (39%) | 42 (61%) |
| Vaccine type | ||
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna); | 21 (16%) | 110 (84%) |
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) | 56 (24%) | 173 (76%) |
| Days after 2nd vaccine dose, mean (SD) | 93 (46) | 97 (61) |
ACEI/ARB = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers; JAK = Janus kinase.
a
A negative IgG spike protein from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been correlated with a lack of neutralizing antibody; this was validated in a recent comparative study7 and is widely used.6
b
No. and (%) of patients by row.
c
Biologics: Anti- IL-5, -IL-6, -IL-12/23, -IL-17, -IgE, -CD20, and -TNF-α inhibitors