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. 2022 Jan 10;8:18. doi: 10.1038/s41420-021-00785-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A The morphological characteristics of primary ADMSCs were observed under the inverted microscope. B Adipogenic (left), osteogenic (middle), and chondrogenic (right) differentiation experiments of ADMSCs. C The surface markers of ADMSCs were detected using flow cytometry. D The diameter of ADMSC-exosomes was observed under the TEM. E The diameter distribution and concentration of exosomes were detected using NTA. F The exosome marker proteins (Alix, CD9, and TSG101) and endoplasmic reticulum protein (GRP94) were detected using Western blot. The cell experiment was repeated three times independently.