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. 2022 Jan 10;19:13. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02378-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — A Protocol for generating the murine model of TLR3-mediated upper respiratory tract inflammation and images for analysis. Two groups of mice were received either poly(I:C), or vehicle to the right nostril. B Images and levels of cutting positions for the evaluation of OSNs and immune cells. The areas for evaluation of OSNs and immune cells are the nasal septum (i), the tegmen of the nasal cavity (ii), and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (iii). Scale bar = 500 μm. C Images and levels of cutting positions for the evaluation of OB microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. The areas for the evaluation of the OB are GRL, EPL, and GML (Scale bar = 500 μm). EPL external plexiform layer, GML glomerular layer, GRL granular layer, OB olfactory bulb, OSNs olfactory sensory neurons, poly(I:C) polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid, TLR Toll-like receptor