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. 2022 Jan 10;13:4. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02677-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in rat mesenchymal stem cells after HMGB1 modification. The inclusion criteria for differentially expressed genes were the absolute fold change of RNA levels > 1.5 and P value < 0.05. The analysis yielded 963 (551 upregulated and 412 downregulated) genes. The majority of genes were enriched in HMGB1-mediated biological processes such as negative regulation of inflammatory response, positive regulation of apoptotic process, positive regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis (a). Notably, multiple key pathways were enriched including cAMP signaling and calcium signaling (b)