Table 1.
Characteristics of the SAS-SV in nine different language adaptations.
| Language | Reference | N | % Female | Mean Age | Cutoff Value (Gender) |
Percentage “Addicted” (Gender) |
Clinical Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korean | Kwon et al., 2013 [9] | 540 | 36.5 | 14.5 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
20.6% 16.6% (men) 26.6% (women) |
Yes |
| Spanish (Spain) | López-Fernández, 2017 [10] | 281 | 80.1 | 25.61 | 32 (unique) a | 12.8% 15.2% (men) 10.2% (women) |
Symptoms b |
| French (Belgium) | López-Fernández, 2017 [10] | 144 | 68.8 | 29.11 | 32 (unique) a | 21.5% 20% (men) 22% (women) |
Symptoms b |
| Portuguese (Brazil) | Andrade et al., 2020 [11] | 718 c | 63.5 | 22.1 35.2 |
31 (men) 33 (women) |
39.4% 37.7% (men) 40.4% (women) |
Symptoms b |
| Moroccan | Sfendla et al., 2018 [12] | 310 | 50.6 | 23.1 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
55.8% (sex differences not specified) |
No |
| German (Switzerland) | Haug et al., 2015 [13] | 1519 | 51.8 | 17 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
16.9% 14.1% (men) 19.4% (women) |
No |
| Italian | De Pasquale et al., 2017 [14] | 633 | 55.4 | 18 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
NA | No |
| Chinese | Tsun Luk et al., 2018 [15] | 3211 | 54.7 | 43.3 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
37.7% 35.3% (men) 40.3% (women) |
No |
| Serbian | Nikolik et al., 2021 [16] | 323 | 69.0 | 21 | 31 (men) 33 (women) |
19.5% 14% (men) 22% (women) |
No |
a Calculated new cutoff points; all other adaptations used the same cutoff points given by Kwon et al. (2013). b The symptoms assessed were loss of control, disruption, disregard, withdrawal, preoccupation, and tolerance. Each had a score of 1 to 6, and the average scores had to be equal to or greater than 4 points to be considered as present. c The sample was part university students (N = 387, M age = 22.1) part adults (N = 331, M age = 35.2).