Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Author, Year	Country	KMC and Comparison Group	N	Gestational Age Mean (SD) or Median (IQR)	Birth Weight (g)	KMC Duration	Physiologic Parameter Measured
Legault, 1995	Canada	KMC compared traditional method	61	30 (24–35)	1225 (685–1835)	30 min	HR, BR O2sat, Tº
Miltersteiner, 2003	Brazil	KMC compared incubator	23	34.1 ± 1.88	1740 ± 280.04	60 min	HR, BR O2sat, Tº
Ludington-Hoe, 2004	USA	KMC compared to standard care	24	(KMC) 33.55 ± 1.57	1467 ± 228	180 min	HR, BR O2sat, Tº
				(CC) 34.42 ± 1.08	14,611 ± 217
Kadam, 2005	India	KMC compared to conventional method of care	89	(KMC) 33.3 ± 2.1	1467 ± 228	9.8 ± 3.7 h	BR, O2sat
				(CC) 34 ± 1.7	14,611± 217
Maastrup, 2010	Denmark	Skin-to-skin-contact	22	25 (23–27)	735 (460–1050)	98 (51–387) min	HR, RR O2sat, Tº
Lee, 2011	South Korea	KMC compared to Conventional Care	34	(KMC) 27.50 ± 2.89	990 ± 360	30 min	HR, RR O2sat, Tº
				(CC) 29.87 ± 3.25	1180 ± 450
Bloch-Salisbury, 2014	USA	Compared with control group in incubator	11	29.87 ± 2.74	1393 ± 127	41.3 ± 21.2 min	HR, RR O2sat, Tº
Cho, 2016	South Korea	KC compare with routine care	40	(KMC) 30.12 ± 16.29	1660.00 ± 225.20	30 min	HR, RR O2sat, Tº
				(CC) 28.81 ± 20.63	1442.00 ± 128.00
Lorenz, 2017	Australia	SSC compared with incubator	40	27.6 (26.0–28.9)	969 (817–1263)	90 min	HR O2sat
Lorenz, 2018	Australia	SSC compared with incubator	40	30.6 (29.1–31.7)	1370 (1062–1572)	90 min	HR O2sat
Forde, 2020	USA	KMC versus incubator care	51	(KMC) 32.00 ± 2.6	1827 ± 492	60 min	Tº
				(CC) 31.40 ± 2.1	1642 ± 545
Özdel, 2020	Turkey	Prone position and kangaroo care	30	30.20 ± 2.63	1455.43 ± 607.85 (593–3080)	180 min	HR, RR O2sat, Tº

KMC = Kangaroo mother care; SSC = Skin-to-skin contact; HR = Heart rate; RR = Respiratory rate; Tº = temperature; O2sat = oxygen saturation.