Figure 3.

Proinflammatory cytokine analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs). Levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 (CINC-3), eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-1β are indicated. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of each group. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the comparison between the NiO NPs-treated and control groups with statistical significance indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. C: control group; L: low-dose group (50 cm²/rat); H: high-dose group (150 cm²/rat).