Table 2.
Comparison of body composition and sports performance variables in the morning vs. evening group after a 12-week intervention in female handball players.
| Variables | Mean (Δ1–Δ2) | Difference in Differences (DD) * | ES |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 0.33 to 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.645 |
| BMI | 0.17 to 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.909 |
| % Fat | −4.88 to −2.72 | –2.16 | 0.387 |
| Lean Body Mass (kg) | 0.98 to −0.50 | 1.48 | 0.235 |
| % Body Water | 6.14 to 5.23 | 0.91 | 0.632 |
| Arm Circumference (cm) | −0.60 to −0.83 | 0.23 | 0.461 |
| Tricipital Skinfold (mm) | −7.76 to −2.53 | –5.23 | 0.116 |
| 1RM Saddle Squats (kg) | 13.99 to 14.06 | –0.07 | 1.000 |
| CMJ (cm) | 2.21 to 2.59 | –0.38 | 0.549 |
| Ball Throw (m) | 0.37 to 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.970 |
| Dynamometer (kg) | 0.85 to 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.617 |
BMI, body mass index; 1RM, one repetition maximum; CMJ, countermovement jump; Δ1, change between baseline and final measurement of the morning group; Δ2, change between baseline and final measurement of the evening group; DD, difference-in-differences. * No differences were observed in the DD analysis between the morning and evening group for any of the variables studied.