Table 1.
Summary of prognostic biomarkers for acute peripheral facial palsy (Inflammatory parameter).
| Author (Year) | Study Design | Sample Size | Age (years) | Biomarkers | Results/Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang et al. (2021) [16] | Retrospective | 311 patients | 39.7 ± 11.8 (Mean) | Albumin | The serum albumin level of patients with BP in the unrecovered group was significantly lower than that of the recovered group |
| Cayir et al. (2021) [17] | Retrospective | 59 patients, 65 controls |
10.69 ± 5.76, 10.87 ± 3.22 (Mean) | WBC, NLR, PLR, CAR | High NLR and CAR values in pediatric BP may be related to poor prognosis in such patients. CAR, however, is a more valuable parameter than NLR in terms of indicating poor prognosis |
| Kim et al. (2020) [18] | Retrospective | 84 patients | 47 ± 14.35 (Mean) | ELR, NLR, BLR | A higher pretreatment NLR and neutrophil count and a lower day-7 lymphocyte count were observed in patients with RHS with unfavorable outcomes. In patients with BP, both the initial HB grade and the pretreatment eosinophil count were included |
| Baklacı et al. (2020) [19] | Retrospective | 76 patients, 60 controls | 39.76 ± 9.02, 39.31 ± 8.16 (Mean) | NLR, PLR | Mean LDH concentrations and NLR were significantly high in BP group than in control group |
| Cayir et al. (2020) [20] | Retrospective, archival, cross-sectional study | 79 patients (23 non recovery group patients, 56 recovery group patients), 60 controls | 49 ± 3 (Non recovery), 49 ± 3 (Recovery), 50 ± 3 (Controls) | WBC, CRP, neutrophil, lymphocyte, NLR, CAR, PLR | Higher CAR and NLR were associated with poor prognosis in BP. CAR might be the most significant indicator of poor prognosis in BP |
| Kınar et al. (2020) [21] | Retrospective | 88 patients,50 controls | 54,47 (Mean) | Neutrophil, lymphocytes, NLR, PLR | Patient group had higher neutrophil counts and higher SII and NLR values than the control group. Among BP patients, the SII values of the unrecovered group were statistically higher than those of the recovered group |
| Aysel et al. (2020) [22] | Retrospective | 47 patients | 14.7 ± 2.5 | NLR, TLR | NLR in patients with advanced grades (grade 4, 5, 6) was higher, compared to that of patients with grade 2 and 3. NLR at admission can be considered as a prognostic factor |
| Demir et al. (2020) [23] | Prospective | 92 patients, 90 Controls | 38 ± 9.5, 41.7 ± 17.2 (Mean) | Cyclophilin A | Low CyPA indicates the shorter average recovery time than that of high CyPA |
| Kim et al. (2020) [24] | Retrospective | 54 patients, 39 controls | 14.5 ± 4.1, 11.9 ± 5.2 (Mean) | NLR, PLR | The NLR and PLR values in the BP group were significantly higher than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the low-grade and high-grade BP groups nor were there any statically significant differences in the other characteristics. |
| Kim et al. (2019) [25] | Retrospective | 51 patients | 39.7 ± 20.1 (Mean) | WBC, NLR, PLR | NLR was significantly higher in patients with severe than with mild to moderate palsy. Recovery time was significantly longer in patients with high NLR than low NLR |
| Soh et al. (2019) [26] | Retrospective | 102 patients | 45.1 ± 16 | NLR, PLR | The HBS grade of the high-NLR group was significantly higher than that of the normal-NLR group. Patients with RHS who have an elevated NLR have poor outcomes in terms of the HBS grade |
| Karatoprak et al. (2019) [27] | Retrospective | 102 patients | 10.37 ± 4.2 (Mean) | NLR | NLR and RDW were not found to be predictive factors for early recovery |
| Ulusoy et al. (2018) [28] | Prospective | 24 patients, 29 controls | 45.12 ± 12.34, 44.34 ± 9.97 (Mean) | NLR, PLR | There was no correlation between the NLR value and the prognosis of Bell’s Palsy. A comparison of the recovered and unrecovered patients revealed that the PDW value was significantly higher and the platelet count was lower in the recovered patients than the unrecovered patients |
| Horibe et al. (2017) [29] |
Retrospective | 61 patients | 16-50 years | NLR | RDW can predict recovery from BP in patients aged 50 years and less |
| Wasano et al. (2017) [7] | Retrospective | 468 patients (BP 374, RHS 94) | BP Mean 51.7 ± 14.18.8 (recovered), 57.6 ± 16.6 (unrecovered) RHS Mean 50.8 ± 18.7 (recovered), 50.5 ± 18.0 (unrecovered) |
NLR, Monocyte rate | Palsy Prognosis Prediction scores (PPP score) are useful for predicting prognosis of facial palsy before beginning treatment |
| Sahin et al. (2017) [30] | Retrospective | 28 patients, 28 controls | 29.5 ± 10.5 (Mean) | NLR, PLR | Significant changes were not observed in NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW measurements in BP group between HBS |
| Kilicaslan et al. (2016) [31] | Prospective | 54 patients (32 low-grade group & 22 high-grade group), 35 controls | Mean BP 39.1 ± 14.2 (Low-grade), 36.9 ± 15.9 (high-grade), 38.6 ± 18.1 (Controls) | Procalcitonin | Procalcitonin levels were significantly associated with the severity of BP and higher PCT levels were found to be related with poor prognosis |
| Wasano et al. (2016) [32] | Retrospective | 468 patients (BP 374, RHS 94) |
Mean BP 51.7 ± 14.18.8 (recovered), 57.6 ± 16.6 (unrecovered) Mean RHS 50.8 ± 18.7 (recovered), 50.5 ± 18.0 (unrecovered) |
NLR, WBC | In the BP group, neutrophil rate, lymphocyte rate, NLR of recovered patients were significantly different than those of unrecovered patients. In RHS group monocyte rate, platelet count, MCV of recovered patients were significantly different than those of unrecovered patients |
| Kiliçkaya, et al. (2015) [33] | Retrospective | 146 patients, 140 controls |
HBS grade I–II (38.9 ± 22.77), HBS grade III–IV (36.04 ± 21.77), HBS grade V-VI (42.30 ± 17.43) (Mean) | NLR | As the severity of the paralysis increased in the APFP patients in this study, the NLR value increased. the NLR value can be used as an early predictive prognostic factor of IPFP |
| Eryilmaz et al. (2015) [34] | Retrospective | 25 patients, 25 controls |
9.86 ± 5.07, 9.14 ± 5.94 (Mean) | NLR | NLR and pretreatment HBS showed no statistically significant correlation |
| Atan et al. (2015) [35] | Retrospective | 99 patients, 99 controls |
47.84 ± 16.94, 44.22 ± 8.64 (Mean) |
NLR, PLR | No statistically significant relation was detected between the degree of facial paralysis and NLR and PLR |
| Kum et al. (2014) [36] | Retrospective | 65 patients, 35 controls |
45 ± 3.2, 45.4 ± 4.1 (Mean) |
NLR | There was a positive and significant correlation between NLR and HBS of the patients. MPV did not show any significant correlation with any of the parameters studied |
| Özler, et al. (2014) [37] | Prospective | 25 patients, 25 controls |
40.7 ± 12.3, 39.7 ± 8.26 (Mean) |
NLR | A positive correlation between NLR values and grade of facial paralysis |
| Bucak et al. (2013) [38] | Retrospective | 54 patients, 45 controls |
43.11 ± 18.12, 48.33 ± 5.65 (Mean) | NLR | The mean NLR levels were higher in unsatisfactory recovered patients compared with satisfactory recovered ones |